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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...

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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

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Dietary Selenium Across Species.

Xin Gen Lei¹, Gerald F Combs², Roger A Sunde³

¹Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;

Annual Review of Nutrition

|June 9, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient vital for health in animals and humans. This review covers Se discoveries, functions, diseases, and dietary needs across species, identifying research gaps.

Keywords:

animal human nutrition selenium selenoprotein toxicity

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Area of Science:

Nutritional biochemistry and molecular biology
Comparative animal and human physiology
Environmental science and food systems

Background:

Selenium (Se) was recognized as an essential trace element, crucial for various biological functions.
Understanding Se's role has evolved from deficiency diseases to molecular mechanisms involving selenoproteins.
Se metabolism and requirements vary significantly across different species, impacting health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical discoveries and current understanding of selenium's essentiality as a nutrient.
To analyze Se's metabolic functions, dietary sources, requirements, and impacts of intake across species.
To identify research needs for optimizing Se's application in food, nutrition, and health.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review and synthesis of existing research on selenium.
Comparative analysis of selenogenomes and selenoproteomes in rodents, food animals, and humans.
Examination of metabolic pathways, dietary impacts, and Se recycling in food and ecosystems.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of Se's essentiality, linked to molecular mechanisms of Se-responsive diseases.
Comparative analysis highlights species-specific differences in Se utilization, requirements, and selenoprotein function.
Insights into Se metabolites, strategies for improving Se status, and its environmental cycling are presented.

Conclusions:

Selenium is indispensable for health, with diverse roles and requirements across species.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate Se's complex roles and optimize its use in nutrition and health.
Understanding Se's impact on health and disease requires a species-comparative and molecular approach.