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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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When seeing is not believing: A mechanistic basis for predictive divergence.

Chiara Caporuscio1, Sascha Benjamin Fink2, Philipp Sterzer3

  • 1Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany; Research Training Group 2386 "Extrospection", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Philosophy-Neurosciences-Cognition Program, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.

Consciousness and Cognition
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Visual illusions show perception and belief can differ. Predictive Processing explains this by contrasting flexible, high-level priors with rigid, low-level priors, reconciling conflicting percepts and beliefs.

Keywords:
BeliefPerceptionPredictive codingPredictive processingVisual illusion

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Visual illusions demonstrate incongruence between perception and belief.
  • Modular theories explain this, but Predictive Processing (PP) framework faces challenges.
  • Existing PP models posit a unified inferential hierarchy for perception and cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile visual illusions and incongruent perception-belief states within the Predictive Processing framework.
  • To propose a mechanism within PP that accounts for stable divergences between perception and belief.
  • To maintain a hierarchical and unitary view of cognition despite perceptual conflicts.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing recent insights into the neural implementation of Predictive Processing.
  • Analyzing the roles of top-down and bottom-up information processing streams.
  • Proposing a model based on the interaction of context-dependent and context-independent prior information.

Main Results:

  • Prior information is approximated by both top-down (flexible) and bottom-up (inflexible) processing streams.
  • A stable divergence between perception and belief arises when higher-level flexible priors conflict with lower-level inflexible priors.
  • This mechanism allows PP to account for incongruent percepts and beliefs.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive Processing can accommodate stable perception-belief incongruence.
  • The proposed model integrates conflicting perceptual and cognitive states within a hierarchical framework.
  • This advances our understanding of how the brain reconciles competing information.