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Related Concept Videos

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

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Ankle Instability.

Mark Drakos1, Oliver Hansen1, Saanchi Kukadia1

  • 1Hospital for Special Surgery, 523 East 72nd st, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic lateral ankle instability, often from sprains, can be treated surgically. This review covers surgical options and common complications like recurrent instability and nerve injury.

Keywords:
Anatomic repairAnkle instabilityBrostrom-Gould reconstructionCLAIChronic lateral ankle instabilityInversion sprainsNerve injuryOCLRevision procedureRisk factorsUnaddressed pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Ankle sprains are prevalent in active individuals, with an incidence of 2.15 per 1000 person-years.
  • Chronic lateral ankle instability frequently requires surgical intervention.
  • Surgical outcomes are influenced by technique and management of potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review surgical procedures for chronic lateral ankle instability.
  • To discuss common and challenging complications following ankle stabilization surgery.
  • To provide insights into managing these complications and present outcome data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of surgical techniques for ankle stabilization.
  • Analysis of complications including recurrent instability and nerve injury.
  • Discussion of management strategies and available outcome data.

Main Results:

  • Direct ligament repair, anatomic, and nonanatomic reconstructions are discussed.
  • Recurrent instability, superficial peroneal nerve injury, and persistent underlying pathology are key complications.
  • Management strategies for these complications are presented with supporting data.

Conclusions:

  • Effective surgical treatment for chronic lateral ankle instability requires careful consideration of technique.
  • Proactive management of potential complications is crucial for successful outcomes.
  • Addressing all contributing pathologies ensures optimal functional recovery and patient satisfaction.