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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
09:18

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Goal-based measurement in paediatric settings: implications for practice.

Jenna Jacob1, Julian Edbrooke-Childs2,3, Halina Flannery4

  • 1Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud Centre, London, UK jenna.jacob@annafreud.org.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|June 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young people with chronic illnesses often face mental health challenges. Goal-based outcomes, reflecting individual patient priorities, offer a nuanced approach to measuring recovery beyond physical health in pediatric care.

Keywords:
child health servicesmental healthpaediatricspsychology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Mental Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Chronic physical illnesses in youth are linked to increased mental health difficulties.
  • Current pediatric care often prioritizes physical health outcomes and functioning.
  • Existing measures of functioning, like quality of life, may not capture individual patient experiences fully.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the practical application and interpretation of goal-based outcome measures in pediatric settings.
  • To build upon existing research by offering a reflective commentary based on clinical and research experience.
  • To highlight the importance of individualized recovery goals for young people with chronic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Reflective commentary drawing on authors' clinical and research experience.
  • Analysis of the practical implications of using goal-based outcome measures.
  • Inclusion of examples to illustrate the nuances of patient-defined recovery.

Main Results:

  • Goal-based outcome measurement can complement standardized measures in pediatric care.
  • Young people's understanding of 'recovery' is often multifaceted and personal.
  • Professionals' assumptions about recovery may differ from patients' nuanced perspectives.

Conclusions:

  • Goal-based outcomes are crucial for understanding meaningful recovery from the young person's perspective.
  • Integrating goal-based measures requires careful consideration of individual patient needs and experiences.
  • This approach enhances patient-centered care by valuing personalized recovery goals.