Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.2K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.2K
Homeostatic Imbalance01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

27.9K
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
However, sometimes these feedback loops fail,...
27.9K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.6K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.6K
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

835
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
835
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

40.4K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
40.4K
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

80.1K
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
80.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure-Based Simulations for Folding of a tRNA Isodecoder.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Targeting tRNA-Arg-TCT-4-1 suppresses cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

METTL3-dependent m6A RNA methylation suppresses aberrant mammary epithelial differentiation and neoplastic transformation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

m<sup>3</sup>C32 tRNA modification controls serine codon-biased mRNA translation, cell cycle, and DNA-damage response.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Structural basis of regulated m<sup>7</sup>G tRNA modification by METTL1-WDR4.

Nature·2023
Same author

Exon junction complex shapes the m<sup>6</sup>A epitranscriptome.

Nature communications·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

2.5K

tRNA dysregulation and disease.

Esteban A Orellana1,2, Elisabeth Siegal1, Richard I Gregory3,4,5,6

  • 1Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|June 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are vital for protein synthesis. Their dysregulation contributes to diseases like cancer and neurological disorders, highlighting their role in cellular homeostasis.

More Related Videos

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

8.4K
Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance
14:01

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance

Published on: July 22, 2011

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

2.5K
A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

8.4K
Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance
14:01

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance

Published on: July 22, 2011

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) traditionally viewed as housekeeping molecules.
  • Emerging evidence shows tRNA expression is tissue-specific and cell-type specific.
  • Post-transcriptional RNA modifications dynamically regulate tRNA gene expression and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging evidence on tRNA regulation.
  • To highlight the role of tRNA dysregulation in human diseases.
  • To emphasize tRNA's role in coordinating mRNA translation and protein expression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on tRNA biology and disease.
  • Analysis of studies investigating tRNA expression patterns.
  • Examination of research on post-transcriptional RNA modifications and their impact on tRNA function.

Main Results:

  • tRNA expression is precisely controlled and cell-type specific.
  • Altered tRNA abundance or function contributes to neurological disorders and cancer.
  • Reprogramming of mRNA translation by tRNA activity drives pathological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control of functional tRNA levels is a key regulatory mechanism.
  • tRNA dysregulation is directly linked to various human diseases.
  • Understanding tRNA regulation is crucial for comprehending physiological homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.