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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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HydrAd: A Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Targeting Multiple Immune Pathways for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Amanda Rosewell Shaw1,2, Caroline Porter1,2, Greyson Biegert1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

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Summary

Adenoviruses (Ads) are versatile cancer gene therapy vectors. A novel Helper-dependent Ad (HDAd) vector, HydrAd, expresses immunomodulatory molecules to stimulate multiple immune pathways for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
cancer gene therapycancer immunotherapyhelper-dependent adenovirusoncolytic adenovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer gene therapy
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Adenoviruses (Ads) are widely used as cancer gene therapy vectors due to their immunogenicity, which acts as an adjuvant.
  • Adenovirus genomes are well-characterized, allowing for modifications like capsid chimerism and therapeutic transgene insertion.
  • Helper-dependent Adenoviruses (HDAd) offer large transgene capacity (up to 34 kb) while retaining innate immunogenicity, making them suitable for cancer gene therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel Helper-dependent Adenovirus (HDAd)-based cancer gene therapy vector.
  • To engineer an HDAd vector, termed HydrAd, capable of expressing multiple immunomodulatory molecules.
  • To evaluate the potential of HydrAd to stimulate multiple immune pathways simultaneously for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a Helper-dependent Adenovirus (HDAd) vector.
  • Engineering the HDAd vector to express multiple classes of immunomodulatory molecules (HydrAd).
  • Evaluation of the HydrAd platform's ability to stimulate diverse immune pathways.

Main Results:

  • The HydrAd platform was successfully developed as an HDAd-based cancer gene therapy vector.
  • HydrAd is designed to express multiple immunomodulatory molecules, targeting various immune pathways.
  • The HydrAd platform shows promise as a cancer immunotherapy agent for complex solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Helper-dependent Adenoviruses (HDAd) are effective cancer gene therapy vectors due to their immunogenicity and large transgene capacity.
  • The HydrAd platform, an engineered HDAd, can simultaneously stimulate multiple immune axes.
  • HydrAd represents a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy against complex solid tumors.