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Relationship between Step-by-Step Foot Kinematics and Sprint Performance.

Isabel Martín-Fuentes1, Roland van den Tillaar2

  • 1Health Research Centre, University of Almería, 4005 Almería, Spain.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|June 10, 2022
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Summary

Faster sprint performance is linked to specific foot movements during the toe-off phase. Analyzing foot angular velocities step-by-step can enhance sprint efficiency for athletes and coaches.

Keywords:
IMU devicesankle stiffnesscontact time phasefoot angular velocitysprint time

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Foot stiffness influences sprint performance.
  • Limited research exists on foot angular velocities during the sprint contact phase using inertial measuring units (IMU).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between step-by-step foot kinematics and 50-meter sprint performance in male and female sprinters.
  • To identify key foot angular velocity parameters correlating with sprint times.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized IMU devices with 3-axis gyroscopes and a laser gun to measure foot kinematics.
  • Analyzed foot angular velocities across multiple strides during a 50-meter sprint.
  • Compared kinematic data between male and female sprinters.

Main Results:

  • Men achieved faster sprint times (6.11s vs. 6.77s), but maximal angular foot kinematics were similar between sexes.
  • Maximal angular velocities plateaued around strides 6-7.
  • Plantarflexion velocity at toe-off showed the strongest association with sprint performance.
  • The time from peak dorsiflexion velocity to toe-off, particularly from stride 7, significantly determined sprint performance.

Conclusions:

  • Plantarflexion velocity during toe-off is a critical determinant of sprint performance.
  • The time from peak dorsiflexion velocity to toe-off becomes increasingly important for faster sprinters in later strides.
  • Detailed stride-by-stride analysis of foot kinematics offers valuable insights for optimizing sprint technique and efficiency.