Thyroid Dysfunction and COVID-19: The Emerging Role of Selenium in This Intermingled Relationship

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Infectious Diseases
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• COVID-19 is a global health crisis with emerging evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to thyroid dysfunction.
• The relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid health is complex, with various thyroid conditions reported.
• The impact of pre-existing thyroid disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thyroid dysfunction.
• To explore the potential role of selenium (Se) as a therapeutic intervention for COVID-19 and associated thyroid complications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of updated data on COVID-19, thyroid dysfunction, and selenium's role.
• Analysis of current evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2's effects on the thyroid gland.
• Discussion of selenium's known properties in viral infections and thyroid health.

Main Results:

• SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to influence thyroid function, presenting diverse clinical pictures.
• No definitive link has been established between pre-existing thyroid conditions and increased COVID-19 risk.
• Selenium (Se) is highlighted for its essential role in thyroid function and antiviral properties.

Conclusions:

• Further large-scale studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 and assess selenium status.
• Clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of selenium supplementation in deficient COVID-19 patients, potentially mitigating thyroid complications and improving outcomes.