Neonatal Rat Glia Cultured in Physiological Normoxia for Modeling Neuropathological Conditions In Vitro

Cell culture conditions were proven to highly affect crucial biological processes like proliferation, differentiation, intercellular crosstalk, and senescence. Oxygen tension is one of the major factors influencing cell metabolism and thus, modulating cellular response to pathophysiological conditions. In this context, the presented study aimed at the development of a protocol for efficient culture of rat neonatal glial cells (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes) in oxygen concentrations relevant to the nervous tissue. The protocol allows for obtaining three major cell populations, which play crucial roles in sustaining tissue homeostasis and are known to be activated in response to a wide spectrum of external stimuli. The cells are cultured in media without supplement addition to avoid potential modulation of cell processes. The application of active biomolecules for coating culturing surfaces might be useful for mirroring physiological cell interactions with extracellular matrix components. The cell fractions can be assembled as cocultures to further evaluate investigated mechanisms, intercellular crosstalk, or cell response to tested pharmacological compounds. Applying additional procedures, like transient oxygen and glucose deprivation, allows to mimic in vitro the selected pathophysiological conditions. The presented culture system for neonatal rat glial cells is a highly useful tool for in vitro modeling selected neuropathological conditions.