Plastic/Natural Fiber Composite Based on Recycled Expanded Polystyrene Foam Waste

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Science
• Sustainable Materials

Background:

• Recycled expanded polystyrene (r-EPS) presents an opportunity for developing novel composite materials.
• Natural fibers offer a sustainable and abundant reinforcement option for polymers.
• Effective surface treatment of natural fibers is crucial for optimal polymer matrix adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel composite material using recycled expanded polystyrene (r-EPS) foam and natural fibers.
• To investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on natural fibers for improved composite performance.
• To evaluate the mechanical properties of the developed r-EPS foam/natural fiber composite.

Main Methods:

• Recycled EPS was processed using a dissolution method with an organic solvent.
• Coconut husk fiber (coir) and banana stem fiber (BSF) were treated with 5% sodium hydroxide solution for varying durations.
• The treated natural fibers were incorporated into the r-EPS matrix to form composites.
• Tensile, impact, and flexural strengths of the composites were measured.

Main Results:

• Sodium hydroxide treatment, especially for 6 hours, effectively reduced hydroxyl groups and non-cellulose components in natural fibers.
• Treated natural fibers exhibited rougher surfaces, promoting better adhesion and interlocking with the r-EPS matrix.
• Composites with treated fibers showed increased tensile and impact strength compared to non-filled r-EPS.
• Flexural strength of the composites was observed to be lower than that of the non-filled r-EPS foam.

Conclusions:

• A viable method for producing recycled polymer/natural fiber composites via dissolution was demonstrated.
• Surface-treated natural fibers significantly enhance the mechanical reinforcement of r-EPS foam.
• The developed composite offers a promising alternative for sustainable material applications with improved mechanical characteristics.