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Big Transfer Learning for Fine Art Classification.

Wentao Zhao1,2, Wei Jiang2, Xinguo Qiu2

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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show promise for classifying fine art. Big transfer learning (BiT), a method using pre-trained models, significantly improves art classification accuracy and enables effective image retrieval.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Art History

Background:

  • Automatic classification and retrieval of fine art are increasingly important.
  • Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are powerful tools for image analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the effectiveness of CNNs for fine art image classification.
  • To investigate the impact of hyperparameters and transfer learning on model performance.
  • To introduce and validate a novel transfer learning approach called Big Transfer Learning (BiT).

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using CNNs with varying hyperparameters, including image resolution and training steps with mix-up.
  • A systematic comparison of five weight initializations was performed to evaluate transfer learning.
  • The Big Transfer Learning (BiT) method involved fine-tuning networks pre-trained on large datasets.

Main Results:

  • Higher image resolution and optimized training steps with mix-up improved CNN performance.
  • Fine-tuning pre-trained networks demonstrated superior generalizability, a phenomenon termed Big Transfer Learning (BiT).
  • The BiT approach achieved state-of-the-art results in fine art classification, outperforming previous methods significantly.
  • Visualizations aided in understanding the feature extraction mechanisms of the models.
  • The models successfully retrieved paintings based on image similarity, even for computer-generated art.

Conclusions:

  • CNNs, particularly with Big Transfer Learning (BiT), are highly effective for fine art classification and retrieval.
  • Pre-trained models capture generalizable knowledge applicable to the art domain.
  • The developed models offer insights into AI's interpretation of art and enable new retrieval capabilities.