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Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
09:52

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

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[Tropical otitis].

N I Lengane1, R Nacanabo2, A Goueta3

  • 1Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHUR de Ouahigouya, BP 16, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.

Medecine Tropicale Et Sante Internationale
|June 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis can affect the ear, causing chronic otorrhea and hearing loss. Acid-fast bacilli found in sputum, but not ear pus, led to initiating anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Keywords:
Chronic otorrheaOtitis mediaTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chronic otorrhea and hypoacusis can stem from various middle ear pathologies.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global infectious disease, primarily affecting the lungs but capable of extrapulmonary manifestations.

Observation:

  • A 68-year-old patient presented with persistent right-sided ear discharge and hearing impairment.
  • Otoscopic examination revealed multiple tympanic membrane perforations on the affected side.
  • The patient also reported a chronic cough, a common symptom of pulmonary TB.

Findings:

  • Direct sputum examination for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was positive, indicating active tuberculosis.
  • Examination of ear discharge for AFB was negative, suggesting the otorrhea may be secondary or non-tuberculous in origin.
  • Despite negative ear pus findings, the positive sputum smear prompted the initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering extrapulmonary tuberculosis, even when primary diagnostic sites (like ear discharge) are negative.
  • Early initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment is crucial for managing TB and preventing further complications.
  • Further investigation may be needed to determine the exact relationship between the pulmonary TB and the chronic otorrhea.