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Impedance imaging in the newborn.

D Murphy, P Burton, R Coombs

    Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement : an Official Journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study developed an electrical impedance method for monitoring newborn brain blood flow and detecting intraventricular hemorrhage. Advanced algorithms effectively filter out movement, respiration, and blood flow artifacts for improved accuracy.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Physics
    • Neonatal Medicine

    Background:

    • Cerebral haemodynamics monitoring in newborns is crucial for early detection of conditions like intraventricular haemorrhage.
    • Existing electrical impedance methods face challenges with movement artefacts, respiratory modulation, and blood flow pulsatility.
    • Intraventricular haemorrhage is a significant cause of mortality and long-term disability in low birthweight infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an electrical impedance technique for accurate cerebral haemodynamics monitoring in newborns.
    • To address and overcome common artefacts that compromise impedance measurements in neonates.
    • To facilitate early detection of intraventricular haemorrhage in high-risk infants.

    Main Methods:

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  • Developed an advanced algorithm for the rejection of movement artefacts in impedance data.
  • Synchronized impedance measurements with respiratory monitor output to remove respiratory artefacts.
  • Gated impedance measurements using the R-wave of the ECG to eliminate blood flow pulsatility.
  • Designed a compact front-end measurement system with microprocessor control for incubator use.
  • Utilized a host computer for data storage, image reconstruction, and display.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully implemented an effective algorithm for movement artefact rejection, crucial for long-term monitoring.
    • Demonstrated methods to remove respiratory and blood flow pulsatile components, improving measurement reliability.
    • Developed a flexible and compact front-end system suitable for neonatal intensive care units.
    • Preliminary clinical results show the potential of the impedance imaging technique in neonatal care.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed electrical impedance system effectively monitors cerebral haemodynamics in newborns by mitigating significant artefacts.
    • The technique shows promise for the early detection of intraventricular haemorrhage, potentially reducing infant mortality and handicap.
    • The system's flexibility and intelligent pre-processing capabilities offer significant advantages for neonatal monitoring applications.