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Dynamic Effective Connectivity Patterns During Rapid Face Stimuli Presentation in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Wan-Wa Wong1, D Rangaprakash2, Teena D Moody3

  • 1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

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Summary

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) show altered visual processing, with their dorsal and ventral visual streams (DVS/VVS) less responsive to rapid face presentation. This suggests potential targets for new perceptual retraining treatments.

Keywords:
BDDdorsal and ventral visual streamsface processingfunctional MRIrapid face presentationtime-varying effective connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by perceptual distortions in appearance.
  • Imbalances in global vs. local visual processing may underlie BDD symptoms.
  • Understanding brain mechanisms is key for developing effective BDD treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of rapid, short-duration face presentation on visual system connectivity in BDD.
  • To explore differences in dynamic effective connectivity within the dorsal visual stream (DVS) and ventral visual stream (VVS) between individuals with BDD and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI scans were conducted on 38 unmedicated adults with BDD and 29 healthy controls.
  • Participants viewed photographs of their own faces for short (125-500 ms) and long (3000 ms) durations.
  • Dynamic effective connectivity in the DVS and VVS was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with BDD exhibited weaker occipital-to-parietal DVS connectivity compared to controls across all durations.
  • Short viewing durations significantly reduced VVS connectivity in controls, with a trend observed in BDD.
  • The DVS to VVS ratio increased with shorter viewing durations in BDD, indicating a shift in processing balance.

Conclusions:

  • The visual systems of individuals with BDD are less responsive to rapid face presentation than those of healthy controls.
  • Current rapid presentation parameters may not effectively modulate VVS connectivity in BDD.
  • Findings offer insights for designing targeted perceptual retraining interventions for BDD.