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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
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[Combination of Ecological Ditch and Bioretention Pond to Control Rural Runoff Pollution].

Lei Shi1, Xiao-Li Yang1, Qing-Yu Wu1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
|June 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Combining ecological ditches and bioretention ponds improves rural runoff pollution control. Adding natural carbon sources like straw and sawdust enhances nitrogen removal and microbial diversity, while alternating wet-dry conditions boost overall pollutant removal.

Keywords:
alternating wet and dry periodbioretention pondcarrier carbon sourceecological ditchrural runoff pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Quality Management
  • Ecological Restoration

Background:

  • Ecological ditches and bioretention ponds are widely used for runoff pollution control and ecological benefits.
  • Single systems face challenges like unstable nutrient removal and substrate clogging in rural settings.
  • A combined system can mitigate these issues by using the ditch for pre-treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a combined ecological ditch and bioretention pond system for rural runoff pollution control.
  • To investigate the impact of carrier carbon sources, rainfall intensity, and alternating wet-dry conditions.
  • To enhance nitrogen removal in bioretention ponds using submerged zones and external carbon sources.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a series system connecting an ecological ditch and a bioretention pond.
  • Introduced external natural carbon sources (straw, sawdust) into the bioretention pond's submerged area.
  • Simulated varying rainfall intensities and alternating wet-dry conditions.
  • Analyzed pollutant removal efficiencies (COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP) and microbial community structure.

Main Results:

  • Adding straw and sawdust increased total nitrogen (TN) removal by 19.9% and 20.4%, respectively.
  • Increased rainfall intensity reduced removal efficiencies for COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP.
  • Alternating dry and wet conditions improved pollutant removal, with TN removal increasing by 12.3% in the sawdust group after drought.
  • Carbon sources enhanced microbial diversity and the abundance of Thiobacillus in bioretention ponds.

Conclusions:

  • The combined system effectively controls rural runoff pollution, with carbon sources significantly improving nitrogen removal.
  • System performance is influenced by rainfall intensity and operational conditions (wet-dry cycles).
  • The findings provide valuable technical support for implementing combined ecological ditch and bioretention pond systems.