Stabilizing Li-O₂ Batteries with Multifunctional Fluorinated Graphene

As a full cell system with attractive theoretical energy density, challenges faced by Li-O₂ batteries (LOBs) are not only the deficient actual capacity and superoxide-derived parasitic reactions on the cathode side but also the stability of Li-metal anode. To solve simultaneously intrinsic issues, multifunctional fluorinated graphene (CF, x = 1, F-Gr) was introduced into the ether-based electrolyte of LOBs. F-Gr can accelerate O₂^- transformation and O₂^--participated oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process, resulting in enhanced discharge capacity and restrained O₂^--derived side reactions of LOBs, respectively. Moreover, F-Gr induced the F-rich and O-depleted solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formation, which have improved Li-metal stability. Therefore, energy storage capacity, efficiency, and cyclability of LOBs have been markedly enhanced. More importantly, the method developed in this work to disperse F-Gr into an ether-based electrolyte for improving LOBs' performances is convenient and significant from both scientific and engineering aspects.