Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 20, 2025

09:01
Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
Published on: January 24, 2018
11.9K
[The Apert Foot: Anatomical Changes, Classification, Thoughts on surgical Treatment]
Hildegunde Piza-Katzer1, Sandra Mandici2, Wolfgang Ramach3
1Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Universitätsklinik für Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie.
Summary
Apert foot malformations are classified into 5 bony types using X-rays and scans. This study provides therapeutic recommendations for these rare Apert foot conditions.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Medical imaging
- Genetics
Background:
- Apert foot deformities are complex and poorly documented in medical literature.
- Limited understanding of the specific anatomical variations in Apert syndrome feet.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the anatomical characteristics of Apert feet.
- To classify the bony malformations present in Apert feet.
- To establish evidence-based therapeutic recommendations for Apert foot deformities.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans from 30 patients with Apert syndrome.
- Development of a classification system for bony malformations.
- Formulation of treatment guidelines based on the identified classifications.
Main Results:
- Identification of 5 distinct types of bony malformations in Apert feet.
- Detailed anatomical description of each malformation type.
- Correlation between specific malformations and potential therapeutic approaches.
Conclusions:
- A novel classification system for Apert foot bony malformations has been established.
- The findings provide a foundation for tailored surgical and non-surgical interventions.
- Further research is warranted to validate and refine therapeutic strategies for Apert feet.
Related Concept Videos
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
2.4K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
2.4K
Ankle Joint
1.9K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
1.9K
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes
2.5K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
2.5K
Functional Classification of Joints
5.0K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
5.0K
Classification of Bones
7.5K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
7.5K
Fractures: Bone Repair
3.7K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
3.7K

