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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
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Mid-infrared supercontinuum-based Fourier transform spectroscopy for plasma analysis.

R Krebbers1, N Liu1,2, K E Jahromi1

  • 1Life Science Trace Detection Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

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We introduce a novel mid-infrared supercontinuum source for quantitative plasma spectroscopy. This technique enhances sensitivity and enables precise detection of multiple gas species, even with overlapping features.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Reactive plasmas are complex systems with numerous molecules, making sensitive detection and control of reaction specificity challenging.
  • Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for plasmas, but limitations exist in sensitivity and broad spectral coverage for multispecies detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first application of a novel MIR supercontinuum (SC) source for quantitative plasma spectroscopy.
  • To leverage the wide spectral coverage and high spatial coherence of the SC source for enhanced sensitivity and multispecies detection in plasmas.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel MIR supercontinuum (SC) source with spectral coverage from 1300-2700 cm⁻¹ (3.7-7.7 μm).
  • Combined the SC source with a custom-built Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with 0.1 cm⁻¹ spectral resolution.
  • Applied the system to analyze low-pressure reactive plasma conditions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved broadband multispecies detection with high spectral resolution.
  • Demonstrated increased sensitivity for molecular species due to long interaction path lengths enabled by the SC source's coherence.
  • Accurately identified and quantified various reaction products, including nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and challenging species like acetone, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, even with overlapping absorbance features.

Conclusions:

  • The novel MIR SC source coupled with FTIR spectroscopy offers a powerful and sensitive method for quantitative analysis of reactive plasmas.
  • This technique significantly improves the ability to detect and quantify multiple gas species, including those with overlapping spectral signatures.
  • The demonstrated system has broad potential for advancing plasma diagnostics and chemical process monitoring.