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Related Concept Videos

Transformation01:26

Transformation

112
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation
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A simple technology for plastid transformation with fragmented DNA.

Kang Ren1, Wenbo Xu1, Bailing Ren1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|June 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel plastid transformation technology using linear DNA fragments, simplifying genetic engineering in plants. This method bypasses traditional vector construction, enabling efficient transgene integration for molecular farming and metabolic engineering.

Keywords:
Biolistic transformationcloning freefragmented DNAhomologous sequenceplastidrecombination

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Efficient Polyethylene Glycol PEG Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plastid engineering offers advantages like high transgene expression and biosafety.
  • Current plastid transformation methods lack standardized vectors and face challenges with toxic genes or long operons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified plastid transformation technology.
  • To overcome limitations of in vitro vector construction for plastid genome engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiple linear DNA fragments with homologous sequences (HSs) for integration.
  • Leveraged endogenous homologous recombination machinery in plastids.
  • Demonstrated successful integration using HSs of 200 bp or longer.

Main Results:

  • Developed a vector-free plastid transformation method.
  • Achieved efficient integration of DNA fragments into the tobacco plastid genome.
  • Successfully introduced a phage lysin gene and a long operon.

Conclusions:

  • This technology simplifies plastid transformation procedures.
  • Provides a novel solution for expressing toxic proteins or large operons in plastids.
  • Facilitates advancements in molecular farming and metabolic engineering.