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Material characterization and simulation for soft gels subjected to impulsive loading.

X Gary Tan1, YungChia Chen1, Thomas J O'Shaughnessy1

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|June 11, 2022
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Summary

This study developed a novel method to determine the mechanical properties of soft gels used in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research. The integrated experiment and simulation approach accurately calibrates material behavior for high strain rate loading conditions.

Keywords:
CharacterizationFinite elementHigh strain rateSoft gelViscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Soft gels are crucial surrogates for brain tissue in traumatic brain injury (TBI) impact and blast experiments.
  • Accurate finite element (FE) models require detailed material parameters, like shear moduli and relaxation times at high strain rates, which are often unavailable.
  • Existing data on gel mechanical properties at dynamic conditions is limited, hindering precise TBI simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an integrated experimental and computational approach for efficiently determining the mechanical properties of soft gels at finite strains and high strain rates.
  • To calibrate nonlinear viscoelastic material models for gel surrogates used in TBI research.
  • To ascertain and incorporate the shear stiffening effect observed in gels under high strain rate loading.

Main Methods:

  • A novel impact experiment was designed to capture high strain rate behavior by maximizing shear wave motion in gel blocks.
  • A computational finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the dynamic response of the gel during impact.
  • Parametric simulations, optimization, and correlation analyses were employed to calibrate the viscoelastic model parameters against experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Optimal material parameters were determined for Sylgard 184, 3-6636, and 527 gels.
  • The initial shear stiffening effect in gels at high strain rates was experimentally identified and integrated into the simulation.
  • The integrated approach was validated by comparing calibrated material properties with analytical results from shear wave propagation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed integrated experiment and simulation approach provides a robust method for calibrating soft gel material behavior under dynamic loading conditions.
  • This study addresses the scarcity of high strain rate mechanical data for TBI surrogate materials.
  • The findings enhance the accuracy of finite element models used in simulating TBI, leading to better understanding and mitigation strategies.