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Related Concept Videos

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
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Retinal Changes in Panic Disorder Patients.

Sema Baykara1, Hakan Yıldırım2, Aslı Kazğan1

  • 1Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|June 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed thinner central macular thickness in panic disorder (PD) patients compared to controls. This noninvasive imaging may aid in diagnosing and monitoring PD progression.

Keywords:
Anxiety DisordersNerve FibersPanic DisorderRetinaTomography, Optical Coherence

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables high-resolution imaging of retinal structures, reflecting neurological changes.
  • Panic disorder (PD) is linked to neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances, suggesting potential neurodegenerative components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential neurodegeneration in panic disorder (PD) by comparing OCT measurements between PD patients and healthy controls.
  • To assess if retinal morphometric changes are associated with PD.

Main Methods:

  • 21 PD patients and 21 matched controls underwent detailed psychiatric and ophthalmological examinations.
  • OCT was used to measure central macular thickness (CMT), macular volume (MV), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT), and central choroidal thickness (CCT).

Main Results:

  • PD patients exhibited significantly lower central macular thickness (CMT) compared to the control group.
  • No significant differences were observed in GCLT, RNFL, or CCT between PD patients and controls.
  • No correlation was found between PD severity scales (CGIS, PDSS) and OCT measurements.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to utilize OCT for analyzing patients diagnosed with PD.
  • OCT may serve as a valuable, noninvasive supplementary tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of panic disorder.
  • Reduced CMT in PD patients suggests potential retinal neurodegeneration linked to the disorder.