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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

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Structural connectivity and intelligence in brain-injured children.

Adeoye Oyefiade1, Iska Moxon-Emre2, Kiran Beera2

  • 1Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA.

Neuropsychologia
|June 11, 2022
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Summary

Brain injury in children disrupts structural brain networks, leading to slower processing speed and reduced general intelligence. This study reveals how network changes impact cognitive abilities following injury.

Keywords:
Graph theoryIntelligenceProcessing speedStructural connectivityWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • General intelligence in children correlates with processing speed.
  • The link between brain connectivity, processing speed, and intelligence, especially after brain injury, is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between structural brain connectivity, processing speed, and general intelligence in children.
  • To examine how brain injury affects these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Structural brain networks were created for 36 children with brain tumors and 35 typically developing children.
  • Processing speed and general intelligence were assessed using standard tests.
  • Partial least squares analysis was used to evaluate relationships between network properties, processing speed, and intelligence.

Main Results:

  • Brain-injured children exhibited less integrated and more segregated structural networks compared to controls.
  • Increased network segregation indirectly predicted lower general intelligence by slowing processing speed.
  • This suggests a pathway from network disruption to cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides initial evidence linking structural brain connectivity, processing speed, and intelligence in children.
  • Injury-induced disruptions in structural networks may impair general intelligence by affecting information processing.
  • A network-based approach is valuable for understanding brain-behavior relationships.