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Association between plasma apolipoprotein M and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes

Mostafa Safi1, Anna Borup1, Christian Stevns Hansen2

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|June 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Increased plasma apolipoprotein M (apoM) is linked to a higher risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. This finding suggests potential changes in the autonomic nervous system

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus can lead to serious complications like cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), increasing cardiovascular mortality risk.
  • Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is diagnosed by reduced heart rate variability (HRV).
  • HDL-associated apolipoprotein M (apoM) influences heart rate and HRV, with S1P agonists showing potential therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma levels of apolipoprotein M (apoM) and the risk of developing cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).
  • To explore the relationship between apoM and heart rate variability (HRV) indices in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 278 individuals diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes.
  • Data was collected from participants recruited at Steno Diabetes Center in Copenhagen between 2010 and 2012.
  • Plasma apoM levels were measured and analyzed for association with CAN diagnosis and HRV parameters.

Main Results:

  • Elevated plasma apoM levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of CAN.
  • A 0.1 µM increase in plasma apoM correlated with CAN diagnosis (OR: 1.11, p=0.013).
  • Plasma apoM was also linked to reduced HRV indices, including SDNN and high-frequency power, even after adjusting for various clinical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Increased plasma apoM is associated with a higher risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in Type 1 Diabetes patients.
  • The observed association suggests potential alterations in parasympathetic activity.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and explore additional contributing factors.
Abstract

Keywords:
Apolipoprotein MCardiac autonomic neuropathySphingosine-1-phosphate

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