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Cognitive subgroups and their longitudinal trajectories in bipolar disorder
Tobin J Ehrlich1, Kelly A Ryan1, Katherine E Burdick2
1Heinz C Prechter Bipolar Research Program, Eisenberg Family Depression Center, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|June 12, 2022
Summary
Cognitive subgroups in bipolar disorder show varied five-year changes in memory and executive function. Despite initial differences, these bipolar disorder cognitive subgroups exhibit minimal longitudinal divergence from each other and controls.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder is notably heterogeneous, suggesting distinct subgroups.
- Longitudinal changes within these cognitive subgroups remain largely unexplored.
- Group-based analyses may mask unique longitudinal trajectories within bipolar disorder populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate longitudinal cognitive changes in distinct subgroups of individuals with bipolar disorder.
- To compare cognitive trajectories between bipolar disorder subgroups and healthy controls over five years.
- To identify unique clinical characteristics associated with different cognitive profiles in bipolar disorder.
Main Methods:
- Utilized hierarchical cluster analysis on baseline neuropsychological data from 568 individuals with bipolar disorder.
- Employed multilevel models to analyze cognitive changes over one and five-year follow-ups.
- Included 234 healthy controls for comparative analysis of cognitive trajectories.
Main Results:
- Identified three distinct cognitive subgroups in bipolar disorder: high, mid, and low functioning.
- The low cognitive subgroup showed significant improvement in auditory memory over five years.
- The mid cognitive subgroup improved in visual memory, while the high cognitive subgroup maintained inhibitory control, contrasting with controls.
Conclusions:
- Cognition-based subgroups in bipolar disorder exhibit unique longitudinal patterns.
- Despite subgroup variations, overall longitudinal cognitive courses show minimal differences between bipolar disorder subgroups and controls.
- Findings highlight the complex, heterogeneous nature of cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder over time.
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