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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy

Published on: February 21, 2025

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Functional capacity, sarcopenia, and bone health.

Faidra Laskou1, Harnish Patel1, Cyrus Cooper1

  • 1MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|June 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia, common in aging, impact mobility and quality of life. This review explores their combined effects, risk factors, and management strategies for the muscle-bone unit.

Keywords:
AgeingBoneFunctional capacityMuscle

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Musculoskeletal Health
  • Integrative Biology of Aging Tissues

Background:

  • Bone and muscle form an interacting 'muscle-bone unit', crucial for development and response to stimuli.
  • Aging is associated with prevalent musculoskeletal disorders: osteoporosis (bone loss) and sarcopenia (muscle loss).
  • These conditions significantly impair mobility, confidence, and quality of life in older adults, posing a healthcare burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in aging individuals.
  • To delineate shared risk factors and clinical consequences of these concurrent conditions.
  • To explore management strategies and the impact on functional capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the muscle-bone unit and aging musculoskeletal disorders.
  • Synthesis of information on risk factors, clinical outcomes, and management approaches.
  • Analysis of the relationship between osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and functional capacity.

Main Results:

  • Osteoporosis and sarcopenia frequently coexist in older populations.
  • Combined effects exacerbate mobility limitations and reduce quality of life.
  • Management requires a holistic approach targeting both bone and muscle health.

Conclusions:

  • The muscle-bone unit's integrity is vital for healthy aging.
  • Concurrent osteoporosis and sarcopenia necessitate integrated management strategies.
  • Addressing these conditions can improve functional capacity and well-being in the elderly.