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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

411
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
411
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

258
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
258
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

1.0K
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
1.0K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

706
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
706
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

466
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
466
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

425
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
425

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Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Chitosan: Applications in Drug Delivery System.

Suresh Kumar1, Ruby Dhiman2, Carlos R Prudencio3

  • 1National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, India.

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|June 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Chitosan, a chitin derivative, offers biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery systems. Its unique properties enhance drug stability and efficacy across various biomedical applications.

Keywords:
Biopolymersbiological propertiesnanomaterialsnanotoxicitypharmaceutical nanotechnologyphysicochemical propertiestoxicological effect

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chitin and chitosan are natural polymers with unique chemical structures, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
  • Chitosan, derived from chitin, is a versatile polysaccharide explored for biomedical applications.
  • Nanomaterials derived from natural polymers are gaining prominence in pharmaceutical and medical fields.

Approach:

  • Review of chitin extraction methods from marine organisms.
  • Exploration of chitosan's potential in artificial skin and drug targeting.
  • Focus on chitosan-derived nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery systems.

Key Points:

  • Chitosan nanomaterials exhibit excellent properties for delivering both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.
  • These nanomaterials can enhance drug stability, reduce toxicity, and improve formulation efficacy.
  • Applications span drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, cosmetics, and radiation safety.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan-based nanomaterials represent a significant advancement in drug delivery technology.
  • Their tunable properties through biopolymer mixing and cross-linking offer tailored solutions.
  • Continued research promises expanded applications in medicine and industry.