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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

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Bonding CAD/CAM materials with current adhesive systems: An overview.

Ali Y Alsaeed1

  • 1Certified in Advanced Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Specialized in Restorative and Biomaterials, Department at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

The Saudi Dental Journal
|June 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Proper surface treatment and bonding promoters are crucial for strong adhesion of dental ceramics like E-max and zirconia. Selecting the right adhesive system, such as total-etch or universal adhesives, depends on the dental tissue being bonded.

Keywords:
Acid etchAdhesionCAD-CAMCeramicDentinEnamelResin cementsZirconia

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Adhesive dentistry has evolved significantly with advancements in dental materials.
  • Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials offer improved aesthetics and mechanical properties.
  • Understanding surface conditioning and bonding protocols is essential for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the updated literature on adhesive systems and CAD/CAM materials.
  • To provide clinical guidelines for surface conditioning for optimal bonding.
  • To analyze the factors influencing the bonding of various restorative materials to tooth structure.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar).
  • Systematic review and analysis of 90 eligible research papers.
  • Evaluation of surface treatment techniques and adhesive system classifications.

Main Results:

  • Bonding of E-max, zirconia, and hybrid materials enhances fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.
  • Surface treatment (alumina oxide, hydrofluoric acid, salinization) is critical for ceramic bonding success.
  • Total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems show distinct clinical applications, with universal adhesives offering versatility.
  • Zirconia bonding is optimized using specific primers (e.g., 10 MDP).

Conclusions:

  • Adhesive system chemistry has evolved, necessitating careful selection based on dental tissue type.
  • Optimal bonding strength requires meticulous surface treatment of both tooth structure and CAD/CAM materials.
  • The choice of adhesive, resin cement, and ceramic material is dictated by the specific clinical scenario and substrate.