Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Clinicians' Adoption of Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Through Simulation Training
Published on: August 9, 2024
Creation and Implementation of Virtual Urogynecology Patient Cases for Medical Student Education
Jacqueline Y Kikuchi1, Margot Le Neveu2, Shannon Arnold3
1Fellow, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Introduction:
Urogynecologic disorders are highly prevalent, and many physicians across various specialties will encounter and care for patients with pelvic floor disorders. Yet most medical students have had limited to no experience in diagnosing and managing pelvic floor disorders, resulting in a gap in clinical education.
Methods:
Three virtual and interactive urogynecologic patient cases were developed on an e-learning platform with an overall goal of increasing clinical exposure to various pelvic floor disorders. The cases were integrated into the medical student obstetrics and gynecology clerkship during the 2020-2021 academic year (n = 40). Participants provided feedback regarding usability, acceptability, and educational value of the cases.
Results:
Twenty-one students (52%) completed the survey. Ninety percent (n = 19) agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the cases, and 71% (n = 15) agreed or strongly agreed that they would recommend the virtual patient cases to other students. All students (n = 21) felt that the format was easy to use and reported that the cases were appropriate for their level of learning. Most students felt that the cases increased or significantly increased their confidence regarding nonsurgical and surgical management options for pelvic floor disorders.
Discussion:
Our findings suggest that these interactive virtual patient cases are an acceptable, valuable, and effective tool for learners. Utilizing the cases can help mitigate existing disparities in exposure to pelvic floor disorders both highlighted by and preceding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Introduction to Urinary System
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...

