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Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
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Selecting for feed efficiency in dairy cattle indirectly reduces methane emissions, aiding EU climate goals. Including methane traits in breeding goals accelerates emission reductions for faster achievement of climate targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics and Breeding
  • Environmental Science
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Feed efficiency, measured as residual feed intake (RFI), is increasingly incorporated into dairy cattle breeding goals.
  • RFI is favorably correlated with methane emissions, suggesting indirect reduction is possible.
  • EU aims for a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, necessitating strategies for livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate genetic parameters for six methane traits and their correlations with production and feed efficiency traits.
  • To evaluate the correlated response of methane traits when selecting for feed efficiency, with or without direct methane inclusion.
  • To quantify the impact of methane emission reduction strategies in Danish Holstein dairy cattle.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 26,664 methane (CH4) breath records from 647 Danish Holstein cows over 7 years.
  • Inclusion of dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) data.
  • Estimation of heritability for methane traits (MeC, MeP, MeY, MeI, RMeC, RMeP) and residual feed intake (RFI1, RFI2).

Main Results:

  • Heritability estimates for methane traits ranged from 0.16 ± 0.02 (RMeP) to 0.23 ± 0.06 (RMeC).
  • Positive genetic correlations were found between methane traits and feed efficiency (0.05 ± 0.20 to 0.76 ± 0.09).
  • Selection for feed efficiency positively impacts methane emission reduction; direct inclusion of methane accelerates this response.

Conclusions:

  • Selecting for feed efficiency offers an indirect but effective strategy for reducing methane emissions in dairy cattle.
  • Incorporating methane traits directly into breeding goals is a faster approach to meet EU emission reduction targets.
  • This study provides a quantitative basis for optimizing breeding strategies for both productivity and environmental sustainability in dairy farming.