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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...

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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

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Published on: February 27, 2018

INFLUENCE OF FEMORAL OFFSET ON FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF PATIENTS WITH TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY.

Bruna de Moraes Lopes¹, Leandro de Freitas Spinelli^2,3, Carlos Roberto Galia⁴

¹Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Department of Physical Therapy, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Acta Ortopedica Brasileira

|June 13, 2022

Summary

Femoral offset changes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) impact hip range of motion, muscle strength, and functional capacity. These findings highlight the importance of femoral offset in THA outcomes.

Keywords:

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip Hip Injuries Muscle Strength

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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Published on: July 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Biomechanical Engineering
Rehabilitation Science

Background:

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) aims to restore hip function, but postoperative outcomes can be influenced by surgical parameters.
Femoral offset, including vertical (VFO) and horizontal (HFO) components, is a critical surgical parameter in THA.
Understanding the correlation between femoral offset and functional outcomes is essential for optimizing THA procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between vertical (VFO) and horizontal (HFO) femoral offset and key functional outcomes in THA patients.
To assess the correlation of VFO and HFO with hip range of motion (ROM), peak muscle torque (PT), functional capacity, and lower limb length.
To provide insights into how femoral offset adjustments may influence patient recovery and mobility post-THA.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional case control study involving 22 patients (10 men, 12 women) post-THA.
Evaluations included active hip ROM, isometric peak muscle torque (PT), functional capacity (Timed up and Go test (TUG), Harris Hip Score), lower limb length, and VFO/HFO measurements via radiographs.
Statistical analysis was performed to correlate VFO and HFO with measured functional parameters.

Main Results:

The operated limb showed significant reductions in length, ROM (abduction, flexion, external rotation), and all PT compared to the contralateral limb.
Moderate correlations were found between VFO and external rotator PT (r=0.487), HFO and external rotator PT (r=-0.508), and VFO difference and TUG score (r=-0.570).

Conclusions:

Changes in femoral offset appear to significantly influence functional capacity in THA patients.
Femoral offset modifications are associated with alterations in hip movement and external rotator muscle strength during the early postoperative period.
These findings underscore the clinical relevance of optimizing femoral offset for improved functional recovery after total hip arthroplasty.