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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Transcriptomic Characteristics Associated With Aging in the Thyroid Gland.

Chien-Liang Liu1, Ming-Nan Chien2, Yi-Chiung Hsu3

  • 1Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Nutrition
|June 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impacts thyroid gene expression, revealing changes in metabolism and immune responses. This study analyzes thyroid tissue RNA to understand molecular shifts in the aging thyroid gland.

Keywords:
agingcytoskeletal proteinsimmune responsemitochondriathyroid gland

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The aging thyroid exhibits significant morphological and functional alterations.
  • Gene expression changes in the aging thyroid are underexplored, with limited data from postmortem samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene expression signature of the aging thyroid using RNA sequencing data.
  • To identify aging-correlated genes and pathways in normal thyroid tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA sequencing data from 58 normal thyroid tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
  • Identification of aging-correlated genes using Spearman rank-order correlation.
  • Gene set enrichment analysis and weighted correlation network analysis.
  • Comparison of findings with data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project.

Main Results:

  • Metabolite interconversion enzymes were the primary over-represented protein class among aging-correlated genes.
  • Alterations were observed in immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal proteins, and amino acid/cytochrome P450 metabolism.
  • No significant association was found between thyroid differentiation and age.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates molecular changes in the aging thyroid, highlighting altered metabolic and immune pathways.
  • Findings provide insights into potential molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid disorders in the geriatric population.