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Related Concept Videos

Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

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The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Strategic minerals: Global challenges post-COVID-19.

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The Extractive Industries and Society
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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, highlighting the vulnerability of critical mineral distribution. Nations are now developing strategies to reduce dependence on foreign sources for these essential raw materials.

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BrazilCOVID-19Critical metalsMining

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Area of Science:

  • Geopolitics
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruption to global production and supply chains.
  • The crisis exposed critical vulnerabilities in the distribution of essential raw materials, particularly minerals.
  • Minerals are vital for national sovereignty and economic autonomy, found in many electronic products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the positioning of major global economies regarding strategic minerals post-COVID-19.
  • To examine the impact of the pandemic on the supply chains of critical metals.
  • To understand national strategies for reducing dependence on foreign mineral sources.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of economic and geopolitical strategies.
  • Analysis of global supply chain vulnerabilities for raw materials.
  • Examination of post-COVID-19 policies for critical mineral sourcing.

Main Results:

  • The pandemic has intensified focus on securing domestic and diversified sources of strategic minerals.
  • Global economic powers are reassessing their reliance on international supply chains for critical metals.
  • Emerging strategies aim to bolster national economic autonomy through control over mineral resources.

Conclusions:

  • Securing a stable supply of strategic minerals is paramount for national security and economic resilience in the post-pandemic era.
  • Diversification of mineral sourcing and investment in domestic extraction/recycling are key strategies.
  • International cooperation and competition dynamics surrounding critical minerals will likely intensify.