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Historical DNA Manipulation Overview
1National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. montoliu@cnb.csic.es.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 13, 2022
Summary
The evolution of genetically modified animals spans decades, from early viral DNA microinjection to advanced CRISPR-Cas genomic editing. This progression has revolutionized genetic engineering and animal model development.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Animal Science
Background:
- The history of genetically modified animals traces back to the 1970s.
- Early techniques involved microinjection of DNA into mouse embryos.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a historical overview of DNA manipulation techniques for creating genetically modified animals.
- To highlight the advancements in genetic engineering tools over time.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of DNA manipulation techniques.
- Chronological progression of methods including microinjection, embryonic stem cell technology, cloning, and programmable nucleases.
Main Results:
- The development of genetically modified animals has progressed from simple microinjection to sophisticated genomic editing.
- Key milestones include the use of viruses, plasmids, embryonic stem cells, cloning, and CRISPR-Cas systems.
Conclusions:
- The field has seen rapid innovation, significantly expanding the capabilities for genetic modification in various species.
- Programmable nucleases like CRISPR-Cas represent the current frontier, driving a revolution in genomic editing.
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