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Paola Anna Erba1,2, Francesco Bartoli3, Martina Sollini4,5

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Molecular imaging, including white blood cell (WBC) imaging, aids in diagnosing cardiovascular infections like infective endocarditis and device infections. Understanding imaging strategies is key for effective patient management and improved outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Cardiovascular infections pose significant morbidity and mortality risks.
  • Diagnosis is complex, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Imaging, especially molecular imaging, is crucial for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular imaging strategies for cardiovascular infections.
  • To discuss the strengths and limitations of different imaging approaches.
  • To highlight the role of white blood cell (WBC) imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and nuclear imaging techniques.
  • Focus on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and SPECT/CT.
  • Detailed description of WBC imaging in specific cardiovascular infection scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear medicine imaging confirms valve/CIED involvement and detects septic embolism.
  • Proper patient preparation, acquisition, and reading are vital for diagnostic accuracy.
  • WBC imaging demonstrates utility in infective endocarditis, CIED infections, and aortic graft infections.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular imaging, particularly WBC imaging, is valuable in diagnosing cardiovascular infections.
  • Comparing strengths and limitations of various imaging modalities is essential.
  • Optimizing imaging protocols enhances diagnostic information and patient care.