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Risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity: A meta-analysis

Jie Wang1, Qian Zhao1, Baochang Chen1

  • 1The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.

Plos One
|June 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight, prematurity, and infections increase the risk of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP). Higher birth weight and gestational age are protective factors against MBDP.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is a significant concern in neonatal intensive care.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate and meta-analyze the risk factors associated with metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP).
  • To establish a reference for the prevention and clinical management of MBDP in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases up to June 18, 2021.
  • Meta-analysis was performed on 15 included studies (13 case-control, 1 current investigation, 1 retrospective cohort) using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.1 software.
  • Analysis included 1,435 cases and 2,057 controls, totaling 3,492 infants.

Main Results:

  • Key risk factors identified for MBDP include: birth weight <1000g (OR=6.62), gestational age <32 weeks (OR=2.73), septicemia (OR=2.53), prolonged parenteral nutrition (OR=4.04), cholestasis (OR=3.50), and intrauterine growth retardation (OR=6.89).
  • Conversely, higher birth weight (OR=0.44) and gestational age (OR=0.57) were found to be protective factors against MBDP.

Conclusions:

  • Specific factors such as low birth weight, extreme prematurity, infections like septicemia, extended parenteral nutrition, cholestasis, and intrauterine growth retardation significantly elevate the risk of developing MBDP.
  • These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions for high-risk infants to mitigate the incidence of metabolic bone disease of prematurity.
Abstract

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