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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Lithiating magneto-ionics in a rechargeable battery.

Yong Hu1, Weiyi Gong2, Sichen Wei3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel magneto-ionic material for rechargeable batteries. This material acts as a built-in sensor, accurately monitoring the battery

Keywords:
lithium-ion batterymagneto-ionicsmolecule-based magnetsensorstate of charge

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state materials science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Magneto-ionics enables ionic control of magnetism for low-power electronics.
  • Real-time ion intercalation is crucial for monitoring battery state of charge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reversible lithiation/delithiation in a molecular magneto-ionic material.
  • To demonstrate its use as a real-time state-of-charge sensor in rechargeable batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical and magnetic studies were performed.
  • Microwave-excited spin wave spectroscopy was employed at low frequency (0.35 GHz) and magnetic field (100 Oe).

Main Results:

  • Reversible lithiation/delithiation was confirmed, enabled by structural vacancy and hydrogen-bonding networks.
  • The material demonstrated dynamic tunability of magnetic ordering, correlating with charge state.
  • A fast and reliable built-in magneto-ionic sensor function was revealed.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular magneto-ionic cathodes can serve as integrated state-of-charge sensors.
  • This technology promises enhanced monitoring for rechargeable batteries.