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Mechanically Interlocked Aerogels with Densely Rotaxanated Backbones.

Xinhai Zhang1, Kai Liu1, Jun Zhao1

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We developed mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) by integrating dynamic molecular structures into 3D porous frameworks. These novel MIAs exhibit robust mechanical properties, adaptive responses, and multifunctional capabilities for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mechanically interlocked molecules offer unique dynamic and structural features for self-adaptive materials.
  • Fabricating complex and highly functional mechanically interlocked materials remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) by integrating mechanically interlocked modules into 3D porous aerogel frameworks.
  • To enable the combination of mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality within a single material entity.
  • To explore the potential of MIAs for applications requiring robust mechanical properties and responsiveness to external stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of lightweight, three-dimensional (3D) porous aerogel monoliths composed of mechanically interlocked modules.
  • Characterization of the hierarchical meso- and submicron-pore structure and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, specific modulus).
  • Evaluation of mechanical adaptivity and responsiveness under external stimuli.
  • Demonstration of multifunctionality through iodine uptake, thermal insulation, and selective adsorption of organic dyes.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) with hierarchical porosity and good appearance.
  • MIAs exhibit high mechanical robustness with an average Young's modulus of 5.80 GPa and specific modulus of 130.5 kN·m/kg.
  • Demonstrated favorable mechanical adaptivity and responsiveness to external stimuli.
  • MIAs showcase multifunctionality in iodine uptake, thermal insulation, and selective adsorption of organic dyes.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) successfully integrate mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality.
  • The proposed MIA design opens new avenues for intelligent aerogels with sophisticated topological chemical structures.
  • This work facilitates the advancement of mechanically interlocked materials and adaptive functional materials.