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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

Published on: April 21, 2023

Reach planning with someone else's hand.

Alice Rossi Sebastiano¹, Karol Poles¹, Luke E Miller²

¹MANIBUS Lab, Psychology Department, University of Turin, Italy.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior

|June 13, 2022

Summary

This study reveals that the brain plans movements based on where we believe our hand is, not its physical location. This finding is crucial for understanding body ownership and motor control, even in rare neurological conditions.

Keywords:

Body ownership Motor planning Pathological embodiment Proprioception

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Motor Control

Background:

Investigating the link between body ownership sense and motor control is vital for understanding perception and action.
Previous studies on the rubber hand illusion (RHI) suggest movement attraction towards an embodied hand, but are confounded by proprioception.
Pathological embodiment (E+), where a body part is misattributed, offers a unique window to study embodiment's role in motor control.

Observation:

Two patients with pathological embodiment (E+) and proprioceptive deafferentation performed a reaching task with an alien hand present.
A control patient (E-) with proprioceptive deafferentation and healthy individuals also participated in reaching tasks.
Reaching errors in E+ patients shifted towards the embodied alien hand, unlike controls, irrespective of proprioception.

Findings:

Patients with pathological embodiment demonstrated reaching errors consistent with planning movements from the perceived location of the embodied hand.
This effect was independent of proprioception, isolating the impact of body ownership on motor planning.
Healthy participants showed reaching errors during RHI that correlated with changes in ownership, reinforcing the findings.

Implications:

Body ownership significantly influences motor planning, guiding reach execution based on perceived hand location.
This research provides unambiguous evidence for the role of body ownership in spatial planning, distinct from proprioceptive input.
Understanding pathological embodiment offers insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the sense of self and its impact on action.