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The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

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Taming phosphorus mononitride.

André K Eckhardt¹, Martin-Louis Y Riu¹, Mengshan Ye¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature Chemistry

|June 13, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel anthracene-based precursor that releases phosphorus mononitride (PN) in solution. This breakthrough offers a stable method for generating the elusive PN molecule under mild conditions.

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Published on: May 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

Phosphorus mononitride (PN) is a highly reactive molecule with a transient existence.
Previous attempts to synthesize PN precursors stable under mild conditions have been unsuccessful.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stable molecular precursor for generating phosphorus mononitride (PN) under mild conditions.
To investigate the PN transfer capabilities of the synthesized precursor.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of an anthracene-based azidophosphine precursor.
Solution-phase dissociation studies to determine the half-life of PN release.
Thermal decomposition analysis using molecular-beam mass spectrometry.
Ligand exchange reactions for synthesizing iron-phosphorus-nitrogen (Fe-NP) complexes.

Main Results:

The anthracene-based precursor efficiently releases PN in solution with a half-life of approximately 30 minutes at room temperature.
The precursor undergoes explosive decomposition at 42°C under reduced pressure.
The precursor successfully acted as a PN transfer reagent in the synthesis of an Fe-NP coordination complex.
The terminal N-bonded Fe-NP complex was found to be energetically favored over its P-bonded isomer.

Conclusions:

A novel, stable precursor for generating phosphorus mononitride (PN) has been successfully synthesized.
This precursor enables the controlled release of PN in solution and serves as a valuable reagent for synthesizing PN-containing coordination complexes.
The study provides insights into the bonding preferences in Fe-NP complexes, favoring terminal N-bonding due to covalent bond character and Pauli repulsion.