[Discussion of errors and measuring strategies in morphometry using analysis of variance]

Statistical techniques known as the analysis of variance make it possible for the morphologist to plan work in such a way as to get quantitative data with the greatest possible economy of effort. This paper explains how to decide how many measurements to make per micrograph, how many micrographs per tissue block or organ, and how many organs or individuals are necessary for getting an exactness of sufficient quality of the results. The examples furnished have been taken from measuring volume densities of mitochondria in heart muscle cells and from cell counting in lymph nodes. Finally we show, how to determine sample sizes, if we are interested in demonstration of significant differences between mean values.