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This is the way: Network perspective on targets for spatial ability development programmes.

Maxim Likhanov1, Ekaterina Maslennikova2, Giulio Costantini3

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Summary

Spatial ability (SA) is crucial for STEM fields. This study found navigation skills to be central to spatial ability, suggesting it as a key target for interventions to enhance overall spatial skills.

Keywords:
centrality measureseducational interventionfactor structurenetwork centralityspatial ability

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Human Abilities Research

Background:

  • Spatial ability (SA) is vital for STEM success and may be a unitary construct.
  • Understanding individual differences in SA facets and their relation to general cognitive ability remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the structure of SA by testing nine theoretical models.
  • To explore the relationship between 16 SA facets and general cognitive ability.
  • To identify central SA facets within a network structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a comprehensive battery of 16 SA tests and a verbal ability measure.
  • Conducted factor analysis, mediation analysis, and network analysis.
  • Sample comprised 958 university students in Russia.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis supported multiple structural models for SA, including distinctions in scale and independent facets.
  • Spatial ability demonstrated considerable independence from verbal ability.
  • Network analysis identified navigation according to directions as a central SA facet.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest navigation skills may be a key target for SA interventions.
  • Further experimental studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness of interventions focused on navigation compared to other SA facets.