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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
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COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Comorbidities: Clinical and Immunological Insight.

Omnia El-Badawy1, Nahla M Elsherbiny1, Doaa Abdeltawab2

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, 68796Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis : Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
|June 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Comorbid COVID-19 patients show decreased T-cells and regulatory T-cells (Tregs), with lower Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. These immune changes may predict disease severity in patients with comorbidities.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-coV-2comorbiditiest cellstregs

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and malignancies are common in COVID-19 patients.
  • COVID-19 infection presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, and sore throat.
  • Elevated levels of CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, LDH, urea, creatinine, and direct bilirubin are observed in patients compared to controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinical and laboratory biomarkers for predicting disease severity in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities.
  • To analyze Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and T cell subset frequencies in comorbid COVID-19 patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between immune cell changes and disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical and radiological assessments of 62 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities.
  • Flow cytometry analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in blood samples.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying IL-10 levels.

Main Results:

  • Significant decreases in lymphocyte count, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells were observed.
  • Increased expression of CD25 and CD45RA on T-cells was noted.
  • Markedly reduced levels of CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-10 were found in patients.

Conclusions:

  • Several parameters predict severity in comorbid COVID-19 patients.
  • Significant reductions in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell levels and activation indicate immune dysregulation.
  • Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs suggest a role in T-cell activation suppression, potentially impacting disease severity.