Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

56.9K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
56.9K
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

21.7K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
21.7K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Navigating Human Astrocyte Differentiation: Direct and Rapid One-Step Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Functional Astrocytes Supporting Neuronal Network Development.

Glia·2026
Same author

Acid sphingomyelinase is an age-dependent host cell factor for adenovirus entry and a pharmacological target for synergistic combination therapy with brincidofovir.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026
Same author

I-SCREEN: Development of an AI-based infrastructure for community-wide screening and prediction of progression in age-related macular degeneration providing accessible shared care.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same author

OCT-based AI-assisted phenotyping of intermediate AMD in the prospective PINNACLE trial: PINNACLE Study Report 9.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

The adenovirus oncoprotein E1B-55K reshapes epigenetic histone modifications in primary human cells.

mBio·2026
Same author

Exploring Trial Endpoints in Geographic Atrophy Based on Localized Functional Changes in Microperimetry and AI-Quantified OCT Biomarkers.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

5.0K

PML Alternative Splice Products Differentially Regulate HAdV Productive Infection.

Julia Mai1,2, Miona Stubbe2, Samuel Hofmann1,2

  • 1Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Microbiology Spectrum
|June 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) play a dual role in adenovirus (HAdV) infection. Certain PML isoforms support viral replication, while others restrict it, influencing viral progeny production.

Keywords:
HAdVPML-NBSUMOhuman adenovirus

More Related Videos

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.0K
High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
07:18

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

5.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

5.0K
An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

8.0K
High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
07:18

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

5.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are nuclear complexes traditionally viewed as antiviral. However, viruses often interact closely with PML-NBs, suggesting a more complex relationship.
  • Adenoviruses (HAdV) are known to target PML-NBs, with early proteins like E4orf3 inducing their redistribution into track-like structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the roles of different promyelocytic leukemia (PML) isoforms during human adenovirus (HAdV) infection.
  • To elucidate how specific PML isoforms influence viral replication, gene expression, and progeny production in different cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nuclear PML isoform expression and localization during HAdV infection in human lung (H1299) and liver (HepG2) cells.
  • Assessment of the impact of individual PML isoforms on viral replication and progeny production.

Main Results:

  • PML isoforms exhibit cell line-specific effects on HAdV replication.
  • PML-I and PML-II act as dependency factors, promoting HAdV replication and track formation.
  • PML-III, PML-IV, PML-V, and PML-VI function as restrictive factors, antagonizing viral gene expression and particle production.
  • HAdV reorganizes PML-NBs, with track formation being crucial for efficient viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • PML isoforms play a multivalent role in HAdV infection, with some supporting and others inhibiting viral processes.
  • The formation of PML-NB-derived tracks is essential for efficient adenovirus replication.
  • Understanding the differential roles of PML isoforms provides insights into host-pathogen interactions and viral replication strategies.