Air radioactivity in Marambio Base: The peculiar character of Antarctic Peninsula

The Antarctic region is considered to be the least contaminated in the world due to its specific location and separation of this area as well as low activity of humans (Hashimoto et al., 1988). Additionally, in accordance with the provision of the Antarctic Treaty System (Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, 2020) it is prohibited to conduct any actions with nuclear materials in this area. Nevertheless, Antarctica is not free from radioactive pollutants (human activity, nuclear tests or accidents) created in other parts of the world and transported by air masses or sea currents to the region of the South Pole where they can be detected. This paper presents results of measurements of activity concentrations of both natural and artificial gamma-ray emitting isotopes present on air-filters exposed in the ground level of the air in Marambio Base (Antarctic Peninsula). Furthermore, comparison with results obtained from other part of Antarctica were performed (i.e. Aboa Station, including radioisotope sources estimation). Investigation suggests that the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula is effectively isolated from the Antarctic mainland and, in case of air radioactivity, should be considered separately.