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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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Heart rate and age modulate retinal pulsatile patterns.

Ivana Labounková1,2, René Labounek2, Radim Kolář1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.

Communications Biology
|June 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart rate and age significantly impact retinal pulsatile patterns (RPPs), specifically spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) and optic cup pulsation (OCP). This finding is crucial for interpreting hemodynamic data and advancing physiological models.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Physiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Theoretical models suggest heart rate (HR) influences retinal pulsatile patterns (RPPs).
  • In-vivo validation of this relationship and its scientific merit is currently lacking.
  • Understanding RPP modulation is critical for accurate physiological modeling and medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the morphology of RPPs in vivo.
  • To assess the impact of heart rate (HR) and age on RPP morphology.
  • To validate the scientific merit of RPP modulation by physiological factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of retinal hemodynamic video recordings.
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to isolate distinct RPPs: spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) and optic cup pulsation (OCP).
  • Statistical analysis to determine the effects of HR and age on RPP morphology and between-group differences.

Main Results:

  • Two primary RPPs, SVP and OCP, were identified.
  • HR significantly modulated the morphology of both SVP and OCP (pFDR < 0.05).
  • Age significantly modulated SVP morphology (pFDR < 0.05), and both age and HR affected between-group differences.

Conclusions:

  • Heart rate and age are significant modulators of retinal pulsatile patterns (RPPs).
  • This provides crucial in-vivo validation for theoretical models of retinal hemodynamics.
  • Findings impact future study designs, data analysis, and biophysical models of ocular and cardiovascular physiology.