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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

589
The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
589
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

143
Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
143
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

25
An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

200
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

145
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Infantile Appendicitis: A Deceptive Challenge with Disastrous Consequences.

Thambirajah Balachandra1,2, Amal N Vadysinghe3, Consolato M Sergi4

  • 1Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Case Reports in Gastroenterology
|June 15, 2022
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Summary

Acute appendicitis (AA) is rare in infants. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and the risk of misdiagnosis, even after surgery, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation in pediatric cases.

Keywords:
AppendicitisAutopsyHealthcareInfant deathMisdiagnosisPrevention

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pathology
  • Medical Examiner Cases

Background:

  • Acute appendicitis (AA) is uncommon in neonates and infants, rarely leading to death or coroner involvement.
  • This case involves an 8-month-old infant whose death was initially undetermined, occurring within 10 days of surgery.

Observation:

  • Autopsy revealed gross and histologic evidence of acute appendicitis.
  • Medical record review indicated signs and symptoms consistent with AA.
  • A preceding upper respiratory tract infection and community pediatrician treatment may have influenced hospital diagnosis.

Findings:

  • The case underscores the diagnostic difficulties of acute appendicitis in infancy.
  • Literature review identifies common scenarios leading to misdiagnosis of AA in pediatric patients.

Implications:

  • Misdiagnosis of appendicitis can occur in atypical presentations, incomplete examinations, or when patients receive symptomatic treatment and are discharged.
  • Improved diagnostic awareness and follow-up protocols are crucial for managing pediatric appendicitis effectively.