Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

12.4K
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
12.4K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

24.6K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
24.6K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

6.3K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
6.3K
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

5.2K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
5.2K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.5K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.5K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

3.2K
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Co-transcriptional splicing: Distinct phases, mutual benefits, and basis for nuclear architecture.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same author

Single-nucleus multiomic profiling of the aging mouse substantia nigra reveals conserved gene alterations linked to Parkinson's disease.

Genome research·2026
Same author

Dynamic U2AF cycling defines two phases of cotranscriptional pre-mRNA splicing.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Mitochondrial respiratory complex IV deficiency recapitulates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Mitochondrial respiratory complex IV deficiency recapitulates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Cockayne Syndrome Linked to Elevated R-Loops Induced by Stalled RNA Polymerase II during Transcription Elongation.

Nature communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation
09:12

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation

Published on: September 16, 2019

8.4K

Mapping R-Loops Using Catalytically Inactive RNaseH1 (R-ChIP).

Xuan Zhang1, Yajing Hao1, Xiang-Dong Fu2

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

R-loops are DNA-RNA structures involved in gene regulation and DNA repair. This study details R-loop mapping strategies using inactive RNaseH1 to understand their genome-wide distribution.

Keywords:
DNA damageImmunoprecipitationR-ChIPR-loopRNaseH1Transcription

More Related Videos

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
08:17

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

4.8K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 8, 2025

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation
09:12

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation

Published on: September 16, 2019

8.4K
Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA
08:17

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

4.8K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • R-loops are nucleic acid structures formed by DNA-RNA hybrids.
  • These structures play critical roles in gene regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
  • Dysregulation of R-loops is implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for genome-scale understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of R-loop mapping strategies.
  • To present a detailed protocol for genome-wide R-loop mapping.
  • To facilitate the study of R-loop dynamics and their biological significance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing catalytically inactive RNaseH1 for R-loop recognition and resolution.
  • Developing and describing genome-wide R-loop mapping techniques.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of R-loop distribution across the genome.

Main Results:

  • Established a robust protocol for mapping R-loops genome-wide.
  • Demonstrated the utility of inactive RNaseH1 in R-loop identification.
  • Provided insights into the prevalence and genomic landscape of R-loops.

Conclusions:

  • Genome-wide R-loop mapping is essential for understanding their regulatory roles.
  • The presented protocol offers a valuable tool for R-loop research.
  • Further investigation into R-loop dynamics can unlock new therapeutic strategies for R-loop-associated diseases.