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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

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MMPI-2-RF Differences Between Violent Offending and Institutional Violence Among Incarcerated Women.

Emily D Gottfried1, Abby L Mulay2, Allison M Schenk3

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Community and Public Safety Psychiatry Division gottfrem@musc.edu.

Violence and Victims
|June 15, 2022
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Summary

This study explored personality traits linked to violence in incarcerated women. Findings suggest paranoia and atypical thoughts are key indicators of violent behavior in this understudied population.

Keywords:
MMPI-2-RFfemale offendersinstitutional misconductviolence

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Research on offender violence predominantly focuses on male samples, leaving female offender characteristics under-examined.
  • Understanding personality correlates of violence in women is crucial for targeted interventions and risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between personality characteristics, assessed via the MMPI-2-RF, and violent behavior in incarcerated women.
  • To identify specific MMPI-2-RF scales associated with perpetration of violence and institutional misconduct for violence in female inmates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) to assess personality traits.
  • Analyzed data from 228 incarcerated women, correlating MMPI-2-RF scores with offense type and disciplinary reports for violence.

Main Results:

  • Women with violent offenses scored higher on MMPI-2-RF scales for underreporting, atypical thoughts/experiences, and paranoia.
  • Incarcerated women with disciplinary actions for violence showed elevated scores on scales related to externalizing dysfunction, overactivation, and aggression.
  • Violence was most strongly correlated with paranoia and atypical thoughts/experiences scales (e.g., THD, PSYC-r).

Conclusions:

  • The MMPI-2-RF is a viable tool for gaining insights into violent and aggressive behavior among female inmates.
  • Findings highlight specific personality characteristics associated with violence in women, an understudied demographic.
  • The study demonstrates the MMPI-2-RF's efficacy in assessing traits linked to violent conduct in this population.