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Predicting transition from selective withdrawal to entrainment in two-fluid stratified systems
Sabbir Hassan1, C Dalton McKeon1, Darryl James1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
Physical Review. E
|June 16, 2022
Summary
Researchers studied selective withdrawal from the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). They developed a model to predict when oil entrainment occurs, preventing environmental contamination during fluid transfer.
Area of Science:
- Fluid Dynamics
- Petroleum Engineering
- Environmental Protection
Background:
- Selective withdrawal is crucial for transferring oil from U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) caverns.
- Entrainment of oil during withdrawal risks environmental contamination.
- Understanding the transition from selective withdrawal to entrainment is vital for safe operations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the critical submergence depth as a function of critical flow rate in an SPR-like orientation.
- To develop a predictive model for the transition from selective withdrawal to entrainment.
- To ensure safe and environmentally sound fluid transfer from large petroleum reserves.
Main Methods:
- Experimental investigation of selective withdrawal using a tube positioned through a liquid-liquid interface.
- Analysis of normal stress balance across the interface to derive a Weber number for predicting entrainment.
- Inviscid flow analysis with an ellipsoidal control volume to establish a relationship between Weber number and scaled critical submergence depth.
Main Results:
- A Weber number, based on dynamic pressure scaling, was found to predict the transition to entrainment.
- An analytical model demonstrated a linear relationship between the Weber number and the scaled critical submergence depth.
- Experimental data validated the analytical model, confirming its robustness.
Conclusions:
- A validated analytical model can accurately predict the transition from selective withdrawal to entrainment.
- This model is essential for optimizing fluid transfer operations in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
- The findings contribute to preventing environmental contamination during oil withdrawal.
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