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Finger front propagation in smectic-A Fréedericksz transition.

Marcel G Clerc1, Gregorio Gonzalez-Cortes, Mauricio J Morel2

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Summary

Researchers observed finger fronts in liquid crystals during an electric-field-induced transition. This first-order reorientation transition and its front dynamics were analyzed experimentally and theoretically.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Liquid Crystal Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Systems with multistability exhibit complex nonlinear waves between equilibria.
  • Liquid crystals near phase transitions can display rich dynamic phenomena.
  • Electric fields can induce reorientation transitions in liquid crystal systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and characterize finger front emergence during a smectic-A to chiral nematic transition induced by an electric field.
  • To investigate the molecular reorientation transition and finger front dynamics using colorimetry.
  • To theoretically model the observed phenomena and compare with experimental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of finger fronts in a liquid crystal mixture cell with planar anchoring under an applied electric field.
  • Colorimetry characterization to analyze molecular reorientation and front dynamics.
  • Theoretical modeling using a prototype liquid crystal transition model, including analytical determination of bifurcation diagrams and front propagation speeds.

Main Results:

  • Finger fronts were observed to emerge in the smectic-A phase and propagate orthogonally to the anchoring direction.
  • The reorientation transition was identified as first-order, with critical points determined.
  • Experimental front speeds were measured as a function of applied voltage and found to agree with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized a first-order reorientation transition in liquid crystals driven by an electric field.
  • The dynamics of emergent finger fronts were quantitatively described and theoretically validated.
  • The findings provide insights into nonlinear wave phenomena in multistable systems and liquid crystal phase transitions.